Environmental Effects of Fossil Fuel Exploration and...

As the fossil fuels, such as coal, gas, LPG and coal mixed gas and so on, has been used in the modern production process since the industrial revolution happened, the environment effects of fossil fuels’ exploration and extraction is the biggest concerns for public life. To illustrate this, data collected by Marland, Boden, Andres, Brenkert and Johnston (2003) points out that the fossil fuels industry has caused the release of approximately 337 billion metric tons of carbon to atmosphere since 1751, and the greenhouse gases’ accumulation caused by the industry can increase the risk of heat waves, droughts, malnutrition and other disasters (Haines, Kovats, Campbell-Lendrum and Corvalà ¡n, 2006), leading to social panic and complaints. Fossil†¦show more content†¦Also, data collected by Moffatt and Pless-Mulloli (2003) indicates that 19 of the 31 families surveyed, from four communities near opencast coal mine in the North-East of England, had children who had b een suffered from asthma, which shows that solid particles in air has a negative effect on human’s health conditions. Hence, it could be concluded that air pollution during the process of fossil fuels’ exploration and extraction effects badly on climate change and public health. Land subsidence is another negative effect of fossil fuels’ exploration and extraction. In this essay, land subsidence could be explained as a phenomenon that the surface of earth sinks due to the resource exploration and extraction. According to Shi, Jiang, Li and Yang (2013), the original balance in embracing rock is destroyed during the coal extraction process, and the collapse area will be formed if the stress surpasses the intensity of rock. For example, the images collecting from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) indicate that oilfields in central California has got a subsidence rate of up to 400 millimeters per year or 1 millimeter per day.(Fielding, Blom and Goldstein,1998).Shi, Jiang, Li and Yang (2013) also states that nearly 50 coalfields in china have been experiencing land subsidence since 1980.A typical example could be given that Xuzhou Coalfield of Jiangsu province had a subsidence area of more than 50 square kilometres, whose volume was 60%-70% of theShow MoreRel atedExploring The Cost Of Hydraulic Fracturing Essay1750 Words   |  7 PagesExploring the Cost of Hydraulic Fracturing in Colorado: What are the potential effects of the Tres Rio 2016 Oil and Gas Lease/Sale on Montezuma County s public health, ecological communities, and economic stability? Introduction Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a technique often administered by oil and gas companies in order to create fissures within subsurface shale formations. After a site is established, the initial step entails breaking through the soil and stone via a bit placed at theRead MoreIndia s Production Of Shale Gas3074 Words   |  13 Pagesand its relation and impact in the USA and world energy industry. This research has the objective to understand the key environmental and logistic issues related to the extraction and transport of shale and natural gas in Western Europe and in the US. What are the major differences and similarities? Many Western European countries do not allow the production and extraction of shale gas in their territory but buy natural gas from Russia. Why are they keeping that restriction? Moreover, how doesRead MoreFossil Fuel And Fossil Fuels1485 Words   |  6 PagesFossil fuel is a general term for buried combustible geologic deposits of organic materials. Fossil Fuels were formed from decayed prehistoric plants and animals that lived millions of years ago (Science Daily, 2015). According to the U.S Department of Energy, when these ancient living plants and animals died they decomposed and became buried under layers and layers of mud, rock, and sand (2013). Throughout millions of years, they slowly decomposed into organic material. Depending on what combina tionRead MoreFracking1198 Words   |  5 PagesNewer Sources of Fossil Oil in North America (Favoring Production of Oil Sands and Opposing the Production of Tar Sands) Discovery about Tar/ Oil Sands Tar/ Oil sands are very important for determining the energy requirements of any country. Today we highly depend on the energy resources and could not succeed without considerable energy resources available to us to meet our daily production needs. Fossil fuels which are based on coal, natural gas, renewable, nuclear and oil are the main sourcesRead MoreThe Waters : Oceans Offer A Ray Of Hope1228 Words   |  5 Pagesthe British ships Lightning and Porcupine in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. The voyages explored deep-sea flora and fauna, fossils, and the nature of the sea floor and determined the composition and temperature of sea water at great depths. â€Å"The cruises of the Porcupine and Lightning sets the foundation for the modern deep-sea exploration. [1] Oceans, the iconic feature of our earth covers almost 70% of the surface. Apart from transportation and communication needs, oceans areRead MoreFuture Trends of the Venezuelan Oil and Gas Industry1357 Words   |  6 PagesStates largest sources of oil imports. These key contributions in the world attract experts’ opinions about Venezuela’s future trends in the industry. It is majorly dependent on key factors such as the customer needs, state of economies and the environmental changes in the country. The increasing customer needs has had a major role in the prediction of future trends in the oil and gas industry in Venezuela. Globally the customer demand influences the world peak oil; this refers to when the rate ofRead MoreFossil Fuels Are An Important Part Of The World1947 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Fossil fuels are an extremely important part of the world we live in today. We often take for granted being able to constantly have privileges because of the use of fossil fuels. Most people do not generally think about the fossil fuels that they use, when they turn on a light and have electricity or when they are driving and are getting from place to place because of the gas in their tanks. However, as time goes on we have to be more conscious and realize that these fossil fuels are non-renewableRead MoreEthics - British Gas Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesTobago under a 20-year supply contract. A development plan for the ‘Dolphin Deep and ‘Starfish fields in the East Coast Marine Area has been submitted to the Government of Trinidad Tobago.   1.1 SOCIAL ISSUES Of great importance to the gas exploration and development activities are the impacts on the social, economic and Is this Essay helpful? Join  OPPapers  to read more and access more than 250,000 just like it! GET  BETTER  GRADES environment. BG, therefore has an obligation to recognize andRead MoreThe Sources Of Fossil Fuels1428 Words   |  6 PagesIV. Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels are the natural fuels such as coal or gas found in the Earth’s crust. It is formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms. A hydrocarbon deposit, such as oil, coal, or natural gas, derived from the accumulated remains of ancient plants and animals. Carbon dioxide and other gases were produced by burning fossil fuels are considered to be one of the principal causes of global warming. A. The origin of coal is a plentiful fossil fuel and has beenRead MorePestel Analysis Is A Marketing Framework Used To Identify748 Words   |  3 PagesPESTEL Analysis is a marketing framework used to identify and analyze the macro-environmental factors surrounding an industry or an organization. The frame work consist of five components: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal. Political The Oil and Gas industry is heavily impacted by political factors by means such as tax policy, import export, exchange rate, and so on. Below are most recent change in global political context. †¢ The relationship between the US

Composite Materials in Aerospace

Weight is everything when it comes to heavier-than-air machines, and designers have striven continuously to improve lift to weight ratios since man first took to the air. Composite materials have played a major part in weight reduction, and today there are three main types in use: carbon fiber-, glass-, and aramid- reinforced epoxy.; there are others, such as boron-reinforced (itself a composite formed on a tungsten core). Since 1987, the use of composites in aerospace has doubled every five years, and new composites regularly appear. Uses Composites are versatile, used for both structural applications and components, in all aircraft and spacecraft, from hot air balloon gondolas and gliders to passenger airliners, fighter planes, and the Space Shuttle. Applications range from complete airplanes such as the Beech Starship to wing assemblies, helicopter rotor blades, propellers, seats, and instrument enclosures. The types have different mechanical properties and are used in different areas of aircraft construction. Carbon fiber, for example, has unique fatigue  behavior  and is brittle, as Rolls-Royce discovered in the 1960s when the innovative RB211 jet engine with carbon fiber compressor blades failed catastrophically due to bird strikes. Whereas an aluminum wing has a known metal fatigue lifetime, carbon fiber is much less predictable (but dramatically improving every day), but boron works well (such as in the wing of the Advanced Tactical Fighter). Aramid fibers (Kevlar is a well-known proprietary brand owned by DuPont) are widely used in honeycomb sheet form to construct very stiff, very light bulkhead, fuel tanks, and floors. They are also used in leading- and trailing-edge wing components. In an experimental program, Boeing successfully used 1,500 composite parts to replace 11,000 metal components in a helicopter. The use of composite-based components in place of metal as part of maintenance cycles is growing rapidly in commercial and leisure aviation. Overall, carbon fiber is the most widely used composite fiber in aerospace applications. Advantages We have already touched on a few, such as weight saving, but here is a full list: Weight reduction - savings in the range of 20%-50% are often quoted.It is easy to assemble complex components using automated layup machinery and rotational molding processes.Monocoque (single-shell) molded structures deliver higher strength at a much lower weight.Mechanical properties can be tailored by lay-up design, with tapering thicknesses of reinforcing cloth and cloth orientation.Thermal stability of composites means they dont expand/contract excessively with a change in temperature (for example a 90 °F runway to -67 °F at 35,000 feet in a matter of minutes).High impact resistance - Kevlar (aramid) armor shields planes, too - for example, reducing accidental damage to the engine pylons which carry engine controls and fuel lines.High damage tolerance improves accident survivability.Galvanic - electrical - corrosion problems which would occur when two dissimilar metals are in contact (particularly in humid marine environments) are avoided. (Here non-conductive fiberglass pla ys a role.)Combination fatigue/corrosion problems are virtually eliminated. Future Outlook With ever-increasing fuel costs and environmental lobbying, commercial flying is under sustained pressure to improve performance, and weight reduction is a key factor in the equation. Beyond the day-to-day operating costs, the aircraft maintenance programs can be simplified by component count reduction and corrosion reduction. The competitive nature of the aircraft construction business ensures that any opportunity to reduce operating costs is explored and exploited wherever possible. Competition exists in the military too, with continuous pressure to increase payload and range, flight performance characteristics, and survivability, not only of airplanes but of missiles, too. Composite technology continues to advance, and the advent of new types such as basalt and carbon nanotube forms is certain to accelerate and extend composite usage. When it comes to aerospace, composite materials are here to stay.

Letter Of The Board Of Education - 1399 Words

Devin Kim Mr. Soderman English Period 4 14 June 2016 A Letter to The Board of Education â€Å"McDonald’s.† When people hear that word, the first things they visualize are the Golden Arches, the Big Mac, or Ronald McDonald. McDonald s has had a profound effect on the fast-food industry and on the U.S.; in the 20th century, the creators/owners of McDonald s, Richard McDonald, Maurice McDonald, and Ray Kroc (a traveling salesman) created the Speedee Service System, which made restaurants like a factory, and improved on franchising, an easy way to set up businesses and make money. Other restaurants began basing themselves off of McDonald’s. As of McDonald’s influence on America: â€Å"We believe that the McDonald’s brand is†¦ omnipresent†¦ in America,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦In addition, McDonald’s sells very little fruit/vegetables; they do sell apples and salads, but â€Å"the Washington Post estimated that almost 98 percent of McDonald’s customers don’t order a salad.† [1] Students who go to McDonald’s would not buy a salad; they would buy an unhealthy sandwich and a sugary drink, which means that McDonald’s does not protect the health and well-being of children; it influences them to eat unhealthy food. Another piece of evidence that proves McDonald’s is harmful is the 2004 documentary Super Size Me, in which Morgan Spurlock ate only McDonald’s foods for a thirty-day period. Spurlock states, â€Å"In only 30 days of eating nothing but McDonald’s I gained 24.5 lbs., my liver turned to fat, and my cholesterol shot up 65 points [to 230]. My body fat percentage went from 11 to 18%... I nearly doubled my risk of coronary heart disease, making myself twice as likely to have heart failure. I felt depressed and exhausted most of the time, my mood swung on a dime... I craved this food more and more when I ate it, and got massive cravings when I didn’t. In my final blood test, many of my body functions showed signs of improvement , but the doctors were less than optimistic.† [3] Therefore, a fast-food diet is damaging toward people, and should not be served at school or anywhere else; fast food is bad for humans like

My love of cooking Essay Example For Students

My love of cooking Essay I never told anyone how passionate I am about cooking. It wasn?t till I got older and began to travel that I realized the importance of food and culture. Before then I never took pleasure in the preparation of meals. The whole process of cooking was a nuisance. At family functions the women would be in the kitchen cooking, telling stories, and laughing. I would always watch from a far but never joined in for the fear of getting dirty, or causing an accident. I later conquered my fear and began to cook often. My family would get together every Sunday to eat, dance, and enjoy each others company. This specific day they were serving fresh fish. As I devoured the fish, I never stopped to think of the time it took to prepare it, where it came from, or how it came to be? I never thought a meal could give such insight into a people?s culture. Food is influenced by culture. The first time I realized this was when I traveled outside of Puerto Rico. My mother was working in a hotel and was invited to the grand opening of El Conquistador in Catalonia, Spain. It was a different world, a world that revolved around food. The people of Spain take simple pleasure in life. Everyday they take a ?Siesta?. Siesta is the Spanish word for nap. It is around noon, when the stores and restaurants start closing. The town becomes a desolate place. People head home to be with their families, and enjoy their lunch; afterwards they rest. They come back out in the evening. The streets become crowded again, couples stroll by, children run down the sidewalks, music travels from balconies down to the streets. Florescent lamps illuminate the town and the intoxicating smells of food invade your nostrils. It is now dinner time. Dinner time for Spaniards is usually around 9:00 pm. By then I was starving, I asked my friend and guide Laura, to order for us. I began to recognize some of the dishes being set at our table. The aroma brought back nostalgic memories of home. They were typical dishes we would have at our family parties in Puerto Rico. Somehow we crossed paths. We shared something in common. We both shared the same history. Millions of years ago we evolved, we learned how to hunt and gather. We created fire, and realized the impor tance of heating and preserving food. We nourished our bodies and brains and food became an essential part of survival. There were regions of the world with different climates. Foods that would flourish and grow in certain parts of the world did not exist in others. Explorers crossed oceans, found new land and conquered people. Years ago Puerto Rico was ?discovered? by Spanish Conquistadors. The island was inhabited by Native settlers when the Spaniards arrived. Cultures clashed and what is now Puerto Rico came to be. Spanish heritage has left an undeniable impression on the island and proof of its cultural exchange can be found in the local culinary styles. I now view cooking as a way of reconnecting with the past. I incorporate old traditional recipes and add new ingredients to create something new and unique. The process is what sustains my love for cuisine. The time and effort put into a meal, and the way it quickly disappears. The silence in a room filled with people who are too busy eating to talk. The consistency of things, that no matter where you are in the world it will always take twelve minutes to boil an egg. I now have a new sense of appreciation for cuisine. I love inviting friends and family dinner and enjoying delicious, home made meals together. The fruit of my labor is seeing the satisfying smiles on their faces and hearing them say things like ?Compliments to the chef!? I also realize the importance of preparing your own meals. You have complete control of the ingredients being used, and the finishing product. .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 , .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .postImageUrl , .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 , .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:hover , .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:visited , .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:active { border:0!important; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:active , .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: WW II EssayThere are many benefits to learning how to cook. It is a lot more economical to buy your own food at the grocery store then to go to a restaurant every night. Often times in restaurants menus describe the meal but leave out important facts like calories, and fat. When people cook they have more knowledge of what they are consuming. Food today has all kinds of pesticides and hormones. Cooking gives you the option of choosing. You can choose to purchase meat with no hormone additives, fruits with no pesticides, and foods with any high fructose syrup. These chemicals have been linked to such disease as cancer, and diabetes. Jean Anthelme once said ?Tell me what you eat, and ill tell you who you are?. Does not caring about what you eat say something about yourself? And if it did give an insight of who you are, would it be looked at as negative or positive? These questions I can not answer, but I can tell you one of my favorite parts of life. The way we have to stop whatever it is we are doing, and devote our full attention to eating. Cooking has brought me great joys. It?s a way of keeping tradition alive. Every recipe is an ode to those who have created it; creating one your self gives a sense of achievement. It?s something you can share with your family, and pass down to those who live on after you. As a child I did not see the importance in cooking. As an adult, who will someday have children of my own, I do.